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human men1 sirna  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)


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    Santa Cruz Biotechnology human men1 sirna
    <t>Menin</t> is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    Human Men1 Sirna, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 4 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/human+men1+sirna/Menin+siRNA/pmc05389363-77-22-25
    Average 88 stars, based on 4 article reviews
    human men1 sirna - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    88/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation"

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Menin is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Menin is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Techniques Used: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

    Increased menin expression decreases proliferation. Mz-ChA-1 cells overexpressing menin with pCMV6-MEN1 vector exhibit a decrease in Ki-67 proliferative marker expression. A–C: Increased menin expression in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells by real-time PCR (A) and flow cytometry (B) decreased Ki-67 proliferative marker expression by real-time PCR (C). D: Decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assay. E: Decreased cell invasion as measured by Boyden chamber assay in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–E). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Increased menin expression decreases proliferation. Mz-ChA-1 cells overexpressing menin with pCMV6-MEN1 vector exhibit a decrease in Ki-67 proliferative marker expression. A–C: Increased menin expression in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells by real-time PCR (A) and flow cytometry (B) decreased Ki-67 proliferative marker expression by real-time PCR (C). D: Decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assay. E: Decreased cell invasion as measured by Boyden chamber assay in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–E). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Marker, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry, Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Boyden Chamber Assay, Control

    Menin expression negatively regulates angiogenesis. A: By real-time PCR, Mz-ChA-1 MEN1 knockout cells increased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. B: By real-time PCR, pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells decreased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Menin expression negatively regulates angiogenesis. A: By real-time PCR, Mz-ChA-1 MEN1 knockout cells increased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. B: By real-time PCR, pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells decreased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knock-Out, Control

    miR-24 negatively regulates menin. A: Real-time PCR evaluation of miR-24 expression in CCA and H69 cell lines demonstrates increased levels in CCA lines compared to H69 cells. B: Luciferase luminescence shows decreased menin expression with miR-24 mimic treatment. C: Left panel: miRNA-sequence data demonstrate increased expression of miR-24 in human CCA tumors compared with matched normal tissue. Right panel: Statistical significance of increased miR-24 expression is validated with an unpaired t-test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A–C). n = 3 (A and B); n = 9 (C). ∗P < 0.05 versus normal matched human control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: miR-24 negatively regulates menin. A: Real-time PCR evaluation of miR-24 expression in CCA and H69 cell lines demonstrates increased levels in CCA lines compared to H69 cells. B: Luciferase luminescence shows decreased menin expression with miR-24 mimic treatment. C: Left panel: miRNA-sequence data demonstrate increased expression of miR-24 in human CCA tumors compared with matched normal tissue. Right panel: Statistical significance of increased miR-24 expression is validated with an unpaired t-test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A–C). n = 3 (A and B); n = 9 (C). ∗P < 0.05 versus normal matched human control.

    Techniques Used: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Luciferase, Sequencing, Control

    miR-24 drives proliferation. A: Real-time PCR confirmed knockdown of miR-24 in Mz-ChA-1 cells by hairpin inhibitor. miR-24 knockdown increased menin expression via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (B) and decreased expression of angiogenic factors via real-time PCR (C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate unless otherwise stated (A–C). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    Figure Legend Snippet: miR-24 drives proliferation. A: Real-time PCR confirmed knockdown of miR-24 in Mz-ChA-1 cells by hairpin inhibitor. miR-24 knockdown increased menin expression via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (B) and decreased expression of angiogenic factors via real-time PCR (C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate unless otherwise stated (A–C). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Techniques Used: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knockdown, Expressing, Fluorescence, FACS, Control

    Related Articles

    Expressing:

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation.
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor’s instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation.
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor’s instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Knockdown:

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation.
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor’s instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Transfection:

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation.
    Article Snippet: .. Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). .. Human pCMV6Entry MEN1 cDNA and control vector were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD) and transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific, Grand Island, NY). miRIDIAN microRNA Human hsamiR-24-1 5p mimic (C-300495-07-0005), hairpin inhibitor (IH-300495-08-0005), and negative controls were purchased from GE Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO) and were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific).

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation.
    Article Snippet: .. Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor’s instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). .. Human pCMV6-Entry MEN1 cDNA and control vector were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD) and transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific, Grand Island, NY). miRIDIAN microRNA Human hsa-miR-24-1 5p mimic (C-300495-07-0005), hairpin inhibitor (IH-300495-08-0005), and negative controls were purchased from GE Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO) and were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific).

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions. .. Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for menin overexpression using the pCMV6-Entry expression vector containing MEN1 cDNA was purchased from Origene 32 and was transfected with the Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), according to protocol.

    Control:

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation.
    Article Snippet: .. Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). .. Human pCMV6Entry MEN1 cDNA and control vector were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD) and transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific, Grand Island, NY). miRIDIAN microRNA Human hsamiR-24-1 5p mimic (C-300495-07-0005), hairpin inhibitor (IH-300495-08-0005), and negative controls were purchased from GE Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO) and were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific).

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation
    Article Snippet: .. Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). .. Human pCMV6-Entry MEN1 cDNA and control vector were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD) and transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific, Grand Island, NY). miRIDIAN microRNA Human hsa-miR-24-1 5p mimic (C-300495-07-0005), hairpin inhibitor (IH-300495-08-0005), and negative controls were purchased from GE Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO) and were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific).



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    Image Search Results


    Cell cycle subcellular localization of menin and MLL1-N. Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells stained for DNA, α-tubulin (α-Tub) and either (A) menin or (B) MLL1-N. Note that menin localizes to the mitotic spindle poles and mitotic spindle during early mitosis and to intercellular bridge microtubules during cytokinesis, similar to MLL1-N. Scale bars, 5 μm.

    Journal: Endocrinology

    Article Title: Menin Associates With the Mitotic Spindle and Is Important for Cell Division

    doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell cycle subcellular localization of menin and MLL1-N. Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells stained for DNA, α-tubulin (α-Tub) and either (A) menin or (B) MLL1-N. Note that menin localizes to the mitotic spindle poles and mitotic spindle during early mitosis and to intercellular bridge microtubules during cytokinesis, similar to MLL1-N. Scale bars, 5 μm.

    Article Snippet: HeLa [CCL2; RRID:CVCL_0030 ( 22 ); ATCC] cell line growth and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments with OriGene control nontargeting siRNA (SR30004) and siRNA targeting MEN1 (SR302867A and SR302867B) were used as described previously ( 23 , 24 ).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining

    Validation of menin’s localization to the mitotic spindle. (A) Immunoblot analysis showing that siMEN deplete menin protein levels compared with siCont. (B) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with siCont or siMEN for 48 h and stained for DNA, α-tubulin (α-Tub), and menin. Note that menin’s localization to the mitotic spindle is depleted in siMEN-treated cells. (C, D) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with the overexpressed GFP-tagged version of menin (GFP-menin) and stained for (C) DNA, α-Tub, and MLL1-N, or (D) MLL1-C. Scale bars, 5 μm. Cont, control; MEN, menin; MW, molecular weight (kDa).

    Journal: Endocrinology

    Article Title: Menin Associates With the Mitotic Spindle and Is Important for Cell Division

    doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of menin’s localization to the mitotic spindle. (A) Immunoblot analysis showing that siMEN deplete menin protein levels compared with siCont. (B) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with siCont or siMEN for 48 h and stained for DNA, α-tubulin (α-Tub), and menin. Note that menin’s localization to the mitotic spindle is depleted in siMEN-treated cells. (C, D) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with the overexpressed GFP-tagged version of menin (GFP-menin) and stained for (C) DNA, α-Tub, and MLL1-N, or (D) MLL1-C. Scale bars, 5 μm. Cont, control; MEN, menin; MW, molecular weight (kDa).

    Article Snippet: HeLa [CCL2; RRID:CVCL_0030 ( 22 ); ATCC] cell line growth and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments with OriGene control nontargeting siRNA (SR30004) and siRNA targeting MEN1 (SR302867A and SR302867B) were used as described previously ( 23 , 24 ).

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Transfection, Control, Molecular Weight

    Depletion of menin leads to cell division defects. (A) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with siCont or siMEN for 48 h and stained for DNA and α-tubulin (α-Tub). Note that siMEN cells show multiple aberrancies, including multipolar spindles and unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, lagging chromosomes in anaphase, multipolar cytokinesis, and multinucleated interphase cells. Arrows point to uncongressed chromosomes in a metaphase cell (panel with four arrows) and lagging chromosomes in a telophase cell (panel with one arrow). Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of mitotic cells with defective spindles, uncongressed chromosomes, and cytokinetic defects and interphase cells with more than one nucleus (multinucleated). Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 100 cells counted for each. **P < 0.001. (C) Live-cell time-lapse microscopy snapshots of HCT116-GFP-H2B cells treated with siCont or siMEN (42). Representative cell division defects are shown, including cytokinetic arrest, multipolar cell division with cell death, and regression of a dividing cell into a binucleated cell. Time is in minutes. (D) The percentage of cells undergoing normal cell division, dying during cell division, undergoing aberrant cytokinesis and failing cytokinesis, and regressing to a binucleated state were quantified for siCont- or siMEN-treated cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 50 cells counted for each. **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001. (E) HeLa cells were treated with siCont or siMEN for 24 h, synchronized in G1/S with thymidine (Thy), and released into the cell cycle. Cells were harvested at the indicated time after release and extracts were immunoblotted for menin, cyclin B1 (CycB1), and α-Tub. Line graph shows relative cyclin B1 levels over time (in hours) normalized to α-Tub.

    Journal: Endocrinology

    Article Title: Menin Associates With the Mitotic Spindle and Is Important for Cell Division

    doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Depletion of menin leads to cell division defects. (A) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with siCont or siMEN for 48 h and stained for DNA and α-tubulin (α-Tub). Note that siMEN cells show multiple aberrancies, including multipolar spindles and unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, lagging chromosomes in anaphase, multipolar cytokinesis, and multinucleated interphase cells. Arrows point to uncongressed chromosomes in a metaphase cell (panel with four arrows) and lagging chromosomes in a telophase cell (panel with one arrow). Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of mitotic cells with defective spindles, uncongressed chromosomes, and cytokinetic defects and interphase cells with more than one nucleus (multinucleated). Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 100 cells counted for each. **P < 0.001. (C) Live-cell time-lapse microscopy snapshots of HCT116-GFP-H2B cells treated with siCont or siMEN (42). Representative cell division defects are shown, including cytokinetic arrest, multipolar cell division with cell death, and regression of a dividing cell into a binucleated cell. Time is in minutes. (D) The percentage of cells undergoing normal cell division, dying during cell division, undergoing aberrant cytokinesis and failing cytokinesis, and regressing to a binucleated state were quantified for siCont- or siMEN-treated cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 50 cells counted for each. **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001. (E) HeLa cells were treated with siCont or siMEN for 24 h, synchronized in G1/S with thymidine (Thy), and released into the cell cycle. Cells were harvested at the indicated time after release and extracts were immunoblotted for menin, cyclin B1 (CycB1), and α-Tub. Line graph shows relative cyclin B1 levels over time (in hours) normalized to α-Tub.

    Article Snippet: HeLa [CCL2; RRID:CVCL_0030 ( 22 ); ATCC] cell line growth and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments with OriGene control nontargeting siRNA (SR30004) and siRNA targeting MEN1 (SR302867A and SR302867B) were used as described previously ( 23 , 24 ).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Time-lapse Microscopy

    Pharmacological inhibition of the menin-MLL1 interaction with MI-2 leads to cell division defects. (A) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with DMSO or MI-2 (10 μM) for 2 h before mitotic entry and stained for DNA and α-tubulin (α-Tub). Note that MI-2–treated cells show multiple aberrancies, including multipolar spindles and unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, lagging chromosomes in anaphase, multipolar cytokinesis, and multinucleated interphase cells. The arrow points to lagging chromosomes in a telophase cell. Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of mitotic cells with defective spindles, uncongressed chromosomes, and cytokinetic defects and interphase cells with more than one nucleus (multinucleated). Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 100 cells counted for each. *P < 0.01; ***P < 0.0001. (C) Live-cell time-lapse microscopy snapshots of HCT116-GFP-H2B cells treated with DMSO or MI-2 (42). Representative cell division defects are shown, including multipolar cytokinesis and regression of dividing cells into binucleated cells. Time is in minutes. (D) The percentage of cells undergoing normal cell division, dying during cell division, undergoing defective divisions and failing cytokinesis, and regressing to a binucleated state were quantified for DMSO- or MI-2–treated cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 50 cells counted for each. **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001. (E) HeLa cells were synchronized in G1/S with thymidine (Thy) and released into the cell cycle in the presence of either DMSO or MI-2. Cells were harvested at the indicated time after release and extracts were immunoblotted for menin, cyclin B1 (CycB1), and α-Tub. Line graph shows relative cyclin B1 levels over time (in hours) normalized to α-Tub.

    Journal: Endocrinology

    Article Title: Menin Associates With the Mitotic Spindle and Is Important for Cell Division

    doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological inhibition of the menin-MLL1 interaction with MI-2 leads to cell division defects. (A) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with DMSO or MI-2 (10 μM) for 2 h before mitotic entry and stained for DNA and α-tubulin (α-Tub). Note that MI-2–treated cells show multiple aberrancies, including multipolar spindles and unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, lagging chromosomes in anaphase, multipolar cytokinesis, and multinucleated interphase cells. The arrow points to lagging chromosomes in a telophase cell. Scale bar, 5 μm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of mitotic cells with defective spindles, uncongressed chromosomes, and cytokinetic defects and interphase cells with more than one nucleus (multinucleated). Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 100 cells counted for each. *P < 0.01; ***P < 0.0001. (C) Live-cell time-lapse microscopy snapshots of HCT116-GFP-H2B cells treated with DMSO or MI-2 (42). Representative cell division defects are shown, including multipolar cytokinesis and regression of dividing cells into binucleated cells. Time is in minutes. (D) The percentage of cells undergoing normal cell division, dying during cell division, undergoing defective divisions and failing cytokinesis, and regressing to a binucleated state were quantified for DMSO- or MI-2–treated cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, 50 cells counted for each. **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001. (E) HeLa cells were synchronized in G1/S with thymidine (Thy) and released into the cell cycle in the presence of either DMSO or MI-2. Cells were harvested at the indicated time after release and extracts were immunoblotted for menin, cyclin B1 (CycB1), and α-Tub. Line graph shows relative cyclin B1 levels over time (in hours) normalized to α-Tub.

    Article Snippet: HeLa [CCL2; RRID:CVCL_0030 ( 22 ); ATCC] cell line growth and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments with OriGene control nontargeting siRNA (SR30004) and siRNA targeting MEN1 (SR302867A and SR302867B) were used as described previously ( 23 , 24 ).

    Techniques: Inhibition, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Time-lapse Microscopy

    Depletion of menin or inhibition of menin-MLL1 interaction does not perturb Kif2A localization. (A) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with siCont or siMEN for 48 h and stained for DNA and α-tubulin (α-Tub). Note that Kif2A remains localized to the mitotic spindle in siMEN-treated cells. Scale bar, 5 μm. (B, C) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with DMSO or MI-2 (10 μM) for 2 h before mitotic entry and stained for (B) DNA, α-Tub, and Kif2A, or (C) menin. Note that Kif2A remains localized to the mitotic spindle in MI-2–treated cells, whereas menin localization to the mitotic spindle decreases. Scale bar, 5 μm.

    Journal: Endocrinology

    Article Title: Menin Associates With the Mitotic Spindle and Is Important for Cell Division

    doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00274

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Depletion of menin or inhibition of menin-MLL1 interaction does not perturb Kif2A localization. (A) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with siCont or siMEN for 48 h and stained for DNA and α-tubulin (α-Tub). Note that Kif2A remains localized to the mitotic spindle in siMEN-treated cells. Scale bar, 5 μm. (B, C) Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with DMSO or MI-2 (10 μM) for 2 h before mitotic entry and stained for (B) DNA, α-Tub, and Kif2A, or (C) menin. Note that Kif2A remains localized to the mitotic spindle in MI-2–treated cells, whereas menin localization to the mitotic spindle decreases. Scale bar, 5 μm.

    Article Snippet: HeLa [CCL2; RRID:CVCL_0030 ( 22 ); ATCC] cell line growth and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments with OriGene control nontargeting siRNA (SR30004) and siRNA targeting MEN1 (SR302867A and SR302867B) were used as described previously ( 23 , 24 ).

    Techniques: Inhibition, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining

    Menin is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Menin is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions.

    Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

    Increased menin expression decreases proliferation. Mz-ChA-1 cells overexpressing menin with pCMV6-MEN1 vector exhibit a decrease in Ki-67 proliferative marker expression. A–C: Increased menin expression in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells by real-time PCR (A) and flow cytometry (B) decreased Ki-67 proliferative marker expression by real-time PCR (C). D: Decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assay. E: Decreased cell invasion as measured by Boyden chamber assay in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–E). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased menin expression decreases proliferation. Mz-ChA-1 cells overexpressing menin with pCMV6-MEN1 vector exhibit a decrease in Ki-67 proliferative marker expression. A–C: Increased menin expression in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells by real-time PCR (A) and flow cytometry (B) decreased Ki-67 proliferative marker expression by real-time PCR (C). D: Decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assay. E: Decreased cell invasion as measured by Boyden chamber assay in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–E). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions.

    Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Marker, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry, Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Boyden Chamber Assay, Control

    Menin expression negatively regulates angiogenesis. A: By real-time PCR, Mz-ChA-1 MEN1 knockout cells increased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. B: By real-time PCR, pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells decreased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Menin expression negatively regulates angiogenesis. A: By real-time PCR, Mz-ChA-1 MEN1 knockout cells increased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. B: By real-time PCR, pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells decreased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions.

    Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knock-Out, Control

    miR-24 negatively regulates menin. A: Real-time PCR evaluation of miR-24 expression in CCA and H69 cell lines demonstrates increased levels in CCA lines compared to H69 cells. B: Luciferase luminescence shows decreased menin expression with miR-24 mimic treatment. C: Left panel: miRNA-sequence data demonstrate increased expression of miR-24 in human CCA tumors compared with matched normal tissue. Right panel: Statistical significance of increased miR-24 expression is validated with an unpaired t-test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A–C). n = 3 (A and B); n = 9 (C). ∗P < 0.05 versus normal matched human control.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-24 negatively regulates menin. A: Real-time PCR evaluation of miR-24 expression in CCA and H69 cell lines demonstrates increased levels in CCA lines compared to H69 cells. B: Luciferase luminescence shows decreased menin expression with miR-24 mimic treatment. C: Left panel: miRNA-sequence data demonstrate increased expression of miR-24 in human CCA tumors compared with matched normal tissue. Right panel: Statistical significance of increased miR-24 expression is validated with an unpaired t-test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A–C). n = 3 (A and B); n = 9 (C). ∗P < 0.05 versus normal matched human control.

    Article Snippet: Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions.

    Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Luciferase, Sequencing, Control

    miR-24 drives proliferation. A: Real-time PCR confirmed knockdown of miR-24 in Mz-ChA-1 cells by hairpin inhibitor. miR-24 knockdown increased menin expression via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (B) and decreased expression of angiogenic factors via real-time PCR (C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate unless otherwise stated (A–C). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-24 drives proliferation. A: Real-time PCR confirmed knockdown of miR-24 in Mz-ChA-1 cells by hairpin inhibitor. miR-24 knockdown increased menin expression via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (B) and decreased expression of angiogenic factors via real-time PCR (C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate unless otherwise stated (A–C). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Modulation of Menin Expression, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Vitro Mz-ChA-1 cells were targeted for the transient knockdown of menin expression using a human MEN1 siRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-35922) along with siRNA Transfection Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) (sc-29528), according to the vendor's instructions.

    Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knockdown, Expressing, Fluorescence, FACS, Control

    Menin is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Menin is down-regulated in CCA. A and B: By real-time PCR and immunoblots, menin expression is decreased in CCA cell lines compared to H69. Significance is shown versus H69 cells. C: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a decrease in menin protein expression in Mz-ChA-1 cells compared to H69 cells. D: By real-time PCR, menin expression decreased in advanced-stage human CCA tissue biopsy specimens compared with normal control. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–D). n = 3 independent samples (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus H69 or human control. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

    Increased menin expression decreases proliferation. Mz-ChA-1 cells overexpressing menin with pCMV6-MEN1 vector exhibit a decrease in Ki-67 proliferative marker expression. A–C: Increased menin expression in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells by real-time PCR (A) and flow cytometry (B) decreased Ki-67 proliferative marker expression by real-time PCR (C). D: Decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assay. E: Decreased cell invasion as measured by Boyden chamber assay in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–E). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased menin expression decreases proliferation. Mz-ChA-1 cells overexpressing menin with pCMV6-MEN1 vector exhibit a decrease in Ki-67 proliferative marker expression. A–C: Increased menin expression in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells by real-time PCR (A) and flow cytometry (B) decreased Ki-67 proliferative marker expression by real-time PCR (C). D: Decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assay. E: Decreased cell invasion as measured by Boyden chamber assay in pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A–E). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Marker, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry, Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Boyden Chamber Assay, Control

    Menin expression negatively regulates angiogenesis. A: By real-time PCR, Mz-ChA-1 MEN1 knockout cells increased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. B: By real-time PCR, pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells decreased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Menin expression negatively regulates angiogenesis. A: By real-time PCR, Mz-ChA-1 MEN1 knockout cells increased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. B: By real-time PCR, pCMV6-MEN1 Mz-ChA-1 cells decreased expression of angiogenic factors compared to Mz-ChA-1 control cells. Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate (A and B). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knock-Out, Control

    miR-24 negatively regulates menin. A: Real-time PCR evaluation of miR-24 expression in CCA and H69 cell lines demonstrates increased levels in CCA lines compared to H69 cells. B: Luciferase luminescence shows decreased menin expression with miR-24 mimic treatment. C: Left panel: miRNA-sequence data demonstrate increased expression of miR-24 in human CCA tumors compared with matched normal tissue. Right panel: Statistical significance of increased miR-24 expression is validated with an unpaired t-test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A–C). n = 3 (A and B); n = 9 (C). ∗P < 0.05 versus normal matched human control.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-24 negatively regulates menin. A: Real-time PCR evaluation of miR-24 expression in CCA and H69 cell lines demonstrates increased levels in CCA lines compared to H69 cells. B: Luciferase luminescence shows decreased menin expression with miR-24 mimic treatment. C: Left panel: miRNA-sequence data demonstrate increased expression of miR-24 in human CCA tumors compared with matched normal tissue. Right panel: Statistical significance of increased miR-24 expression is validated with an unpaired t-test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (A–C). n = 3 (A and B); n = 9 (C). ∗P < 0.05 versus normal matched human control.

    Article Snippet: Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Luciferase, Sequencing, Control

    miR-24 drives proliferation. A: Real-time PCR confirmed knockdown of miR-24 in Mz-ChA-1 cells by hairpin inhibitor. miR-24 knockdown increased menin expression via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (B) and decreased expression of angiogenic factors via real-time PCR (C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate unless otherwise stated (A–C). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

    Article Title: miR-24 Inhibition Increases Menin Expression and Decreases Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation

    doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.021

    Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-24 drives proliferation. A: Real-time PCR confirmed knockdown of miR-24 in Mz-ChA-1 cells by hairpin inhibitor. miR-24 knockdown increased menin expression via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (B) and decreased expression of angiogenic factors via real-time PCR (C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM performed in triplicate unless otherwise stated (A–C). ∗P < 0.05 versus Mz-ChA-1 control cells. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

    Article Snippet: Human Men1 siRNA and control vectors were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX) and transfected with Human MEN1 siRNA (sc-35922) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knockdown, Expressing, Fluorescence, FACS, Control